The Treasure Valley Air Quality Council was created through the Treasure Valley and Regional Air Quality Act, which was passed by the Idaho House and Senate during the 2005 legislative session. The 14 council members were appointed by then-governor and current U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Dirk Kempthorne. The bill was sponsored by Sen. David Langhorst.
The council's mission, as stated in the act, is "...to protect, preserve, and, where necessary, improve the quality of air in the Treasure Valley while accommodating private, public and commercial interests."